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Ecotoxicological evaulation samples from burnt-out area
Pasírbková, Adéla ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
In the case of fires frequently wide range of inhomogeneous material is burnt. A lot of combustion products arise during this event, which may adversely affect the environment. Most often detected compounds are carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, sulphane, hydrogen cyanide, nitrous gases and also organic compounds, which show adverse effects for organism. It is possible to identify and quantify most of them by chemical analysis, but their impact on the ecosystem is not predictable on the basis of these results. An effective tool to predict the impact of combustion products on the ecosystem are ecotoxicity tests. In this thesis, the water leachates of samples from fire places were prepared and subjected to ecotoxicological tests. Two alternative test of ecotoxicity on aquatic organisms were used: the first on the organism Thamnocephalus platyurus (ThamnotoxkitFTM) and the second on the organism Daphnia magna (DaphtoxkitFTM). Another testing aquatic organism was Artemia salina. Ecotoxicity was also tested using a standard phytotoxicity tests; white mustard (Sinapis alba) and white onion (Allium cepa) root growth inhibition tests and lesser duckweed (Lemna minor) growth inhibition test. On the basis of obtained ecotoxicological values LC (EC, IC)50 the impact of matrices from fire places on the ecosystem was evaulated.
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Hazardous Chemical Substances and Preparations
Lacina, Petr ; Adamec, Vladimír (referee) ; Mika, Otakar Jiří (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor‘s thesis is to present a brief and current summary of hazardous chemical substances based on simultaneous laws in force. It introduces basic information and data on industrial hazardous chemical substances and basic characteristics of chemical warfare agents. This thesis also deals with documentation related to solutions for emergency events in connection with hazardous chemical agent escape – type plans, methodical sheets. The work results in a proposal for another methodical sheet focused on interventions of concrete hazardous chemical substance escape, i.e. hydrogen chloride. In this way the proposal can extend the methodical sheets for chlorine and ammonia currently in use. This thesis also presents list of toxic chemical, industrial and warfare substances for working up another methodical sheets.
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Possible Misuse of Hazardous Chemical Industrial Toxic Substances
Gregorová, Renáta ; Dana, Čípková (referee) ; Mika, Otakar Jiří (advisor)
Bachelor thesis, „Possible misuse of hazardous chemical industrial toxic substances“, deals in the first part with legislation, which dictates conditions for handling with hazardous toxic substances. In the next part work covers with terrorism and chemical substances abusement in context with terrorism. Security of selected buildings and transport is also solved. The main aim of this work is to make a list of hazardous toxic industrial chemicals which are made in the industry of Czech republic and therefore can be abused easily. At the end of the work is the set of effective limitation of the potential abuse of dangerous toxic industrial substances provided and the guide how to behave in case of terrostist attack in the subway is designed.
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Utilisation of ozone for wastewater treatment
Hásová, Eva ; Dřímal,, Jiří (referee) ; Derco, Ján (advisor)
Diploma thesis will be dealt with the utilization of ozone wastewater treatment. Experimental part will be focused on study of ozone utilization in two different reactors (bubble column, jet loop reactor). Reactors will be compared by overall mass transfer coefficient and saturation concentration. Ozonization will be applied because of biological resistent and toxic compound 2-mercaptobenzothiazole disposal. Changes of biological decomposition will be measured and assessed by respirometric measurements.
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Natural toxins in food and their effect on human health
Houdková, Kristine ; Bušová, Milena (advisor) ; Schlenker, Anna (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the occurrence of natural toxic substances in food and describes their effect on human health. It focuses on toxic substances that are a natural part of plants, animals, and also on natural contaminants. This work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The aim of this work is to provide information and raise awareness about these substances, because they are an integral part of most foods. The purpose of the practical part is find out the level of public awareness of toxins in food and discover the frequency of mycotoxins appearences in food from the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF), which operates within the European Union. Mold toxins are a major worldwide problem, both in terms of public health and global economic. The research part of the work was carried out using a questionnaire survey through social networks. The general public seems to have a basic awareness of food safety and toxins substances in food. The bachelor thesis can serve as an informative and educational material for the public. Key words natural toxins - toxic substances - mycotoxins - alkaloids - poison
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The utilization of quartz microbalance for detection of toxic compounds
Králová, Miroslava ; Jelínek, Ivan (advisor) ; Opekar, František (referee)
v angličtině: This work is aimed at the study of sensor response of quartz microbalance towards biologically active substances such as glycerin and toxic substances, namely ethylene glycol, methanol and acetonitrile in liquid phase. These toxic organic compounds are widely used in chemical industry as solvents or anti-freeze components. Glycerin is commonly utilized in cosmetic industry as a moisturizer. As human can easily get into contact with these compounds, they should be easily detectable. If tested senzor proves to be suitable for detecting these substances, it will be possible to follow preliminary results and develop the device for practical industrial usage.
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Importance of natural antinutritional and toxic substances in food
Hruša, Adam ; Kinkorová, Ivana (advisor) ; Šteffl, Michal (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the importance of natural antinutritive and toxic substances. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive view of the topic and further specify the selected group of substances with a focus on their possible effects on the health of the general population and the health of athletes. This is a theoretical type of thesis, which was processed using the method of literary research. Key words: antinutrients, anti-nutritional factors, plant foods, potential health benefits, adverse health effect, proteas inhibitors, phytoestrogens
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The utilization of quartz microbalance for detection of toxic compounds
Králová, Miroslava ; Opekar, František (referee) ; Jelínek, Ivan (advisor)
v angličtině: This work is aimed at the study of sensor response of quartz microbalance towards biologically active substances such as glycerin and toxic substances, namely ethylene glycol, methanol and acetonitrile in liquid phase. These toxic organic compounds are widely used in chemical industry as solvents or anti-freeze components. Glycerin is commonly utilized in cosmetic industry as a moisturizer. As human can easily get into contact with these compounds, they should be easily detectable. If tested senzor proves to be suitable for detecting these substances, it will be possible to follow preliminary results and develop the device for practical industrial usage.
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Occurrence of PBDE compounds and Bisphenol A in rivers with the occurrence of cryfish
Svobodová, Kateřina ; Vach, Marek (advisor)
The thesis deals with result evaluation of a project under the auspices of the EAA and Norway Grants, which ran from 2015 to 2016. The project's goal was to evaluate water quality at sites with native and invasive crayfish. The project also included monitoring organic substances such as Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). I mainly focused on a subset of PBDEs, the brominated flame retardants (BFRs). These substances have been monitored since the 1970s, when food was accidentally contaminated leading to the contamination of the nearby area in the US. What is alarming is their persistence in the environment, which leads to their constantly increasing levels. Information about the transformation and biodegradation of PBDEs in the environment is still limited and is continually analyzed in new studies. These substances are poorly volatile and insoluble, which makes dust and particles arising from the products containing BPAs the main sources of contact. Another agent, whose presence in the environment of the Czech Republic I analyzed, is Bisphenol A (BPA). BPA is used in the production of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. BPA is a toxic substance with the ability to disrupt hormone function. Baby feeding bottles have been confirmed to contain these compounds. In April 2004, the Czech government approved a (program to reduce pollution of surface waters by dangerous harmful substances). In August 2004, the EU enacted a ban on the sale and use of penta-BDE and octa-BDE in all fields. Since 2011, Bisphenol A may not be used in the manufacture of baby feeding bottles. The goal of this thesis is to analyze and evaluate the amount and possible consequences of these substances in our environment, which are alarming even after full or partial bans on the use of these substances.
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Ecotoxicological evaulation samples from burnt-out area
Pasírbková, Adéla ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
In the case of fires frequently wide range of inhomogeneous material is burnt. A lot of combustion products arise during this event, which may adversely affect the environment. Most often detected compounds are carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, sulphane, hydrogen cyanide, nitrous gases and also organic compounds, which show adverse effects for organism. It is possible to identify and quantify most of them by chemical analysis, but their impact on the ecosystem is not predictable on the basis of these results. An effective tool to predict the impact of combustion products on the ecosystem are ecotoxicity tests. In this thesis, the water leachates of samples from fire places were prepared and subjected to ecotoxicological tests. Two alternative test of ecotoxicity on aquatic organisms were used: the first on the organism Thamnocephalus platyurus (ThamnotoxkitFTM) and the second on the organism Daphnia magna (DaphtoxkitFTM). Another testing aquatic organism was Artemia salina. Ecotoxicity was also tested using a standard phytotoxicity tests; white mustard (Sinapis alba) and white onion (Allium cepa) root growth inhibition tests and lesser duckweed (Lemna minor) growth inhibition test. On the basis of obtained ecotoxicological values LC (EC, IC)50 the impact of matrices from fire places on the ecosystem was evaulated.
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